James A. Gardner is Bridget and Thomas Black SUNY Distinguished Professor at the State University of New York, University at Buffalo School of Law, where he teaches in the areas of constitutional, government, and election law. His work, which deals largely with issues of constitutional structure and design, focuses on two areas: the law and legal structure of democratic institutions, and the structure and operation in practice of federal forms of governance. In 2012, he held the Fulbright Visiting Research Chair in the Theory and Practice of Constitutionalism and Federalism at McGill University in Montreal, and in 2015 was the Federalism Scholar in Residence at the Institute for Comparative Federalism of Eurac Research in Bolzano/Bozen, Italy. In 2018, he was Visiting Professor at the University of Barcelona. His most recent books are Election Law in the American Political System (3rd ed., Aspen 2023), and Comparative Election Law (Edward Elgar 2022).