In recent years, there has been a significant surge in leisure activities in mountainous regions, capturing the interest and enthusiasm of adventure seekers and nature enthusiasts alike. However, this increase in mountain recreation has unfortunately been accompanied by a rise in accidents and the subsequent need for mountain search and rescue (SAR) missions. It is worth noting that mountain SAR operations present unique challenges compared to their urban or suburban counterparts. However, the existing scientific literature in the field of mountain SAR is quite limited. Recognizing this knowledge gap, our dedicated research field has embarked on a mission to delve into the epidemiology of mountain accidents. We aim to investigate various aspects, including injury mechanisms, severity, technical intricacies of rescue missions (including helicopter operations), on-site medical treatments, and overall outcomes. Additionally, we seek to explore the potential of cutting-edge technologies, such as drones, in SAR missions. To accomplish these ambitious goals, we have established extensive international registries to collect accident, rescue and medical data, particularly focusing on severe mountain trauma cases. Moreover, we are actively conducting experimental studies and tests both in the field and within our state-of-the-art extreme environmental simulator known as the terraXcube. Our comprehensive research endeavors strive to shed light on the multifaceted aspects of mountain SAR. By better understanding the dynamics of accidents in these challenging terrains, we hope to improve rescue strategies and enhance the efficacy of medical and technical rescue equipment. Ultimately, our findings aim to minimize the risks associated with mountain activities, ensuring a safer and more enjoyable experience for outdoor enthusiasts worldwide.