Eurach Research

ANCIENT PATHOGENS

Analisi molecolare del microbioma e di malattie infettive in reperti antichi umani - dalla diagnosi basata sulla “Capture-Sequencing” alla caratterizzazione metagenomica.

    La caratterizzazione molecolare dei patogeni nei reperti antichi umani, costituisce un interessante ed innovativo campo di ricerca, contribuendo allo studio della storia e della evoluzione  delle malattie infettive. L´analisi istologica e la caratterizzazione mediante  PCR sono gli approcci diagnostici comunemente utilizzati. Le  moderne tecniche "high-throughput sequencing” permettono di analizzare il DNA antico con metodiche innovative; ad esempio e`stato sequenziato il primo genoma completo dell`agente infettivo, Yersinia pestis, responsabile della “morte nera”. Tuttavia, in paleomicrobiologia si presentano non poche difficolta´metodologiche, come problemi di amplificazione, PCR, dovuti a DNA altamente degradati o lo sviluppo di sistemi  bioinformatici per la valutazione di complessi dati metagenomici per patogeni antichi. Lo scopo di questo progetto sara´quello di migliorare l´individuazione mediante analisi del DNA  dei patogeni in reperti antichi umani. Sara´possibile ottimizzare  l´approccio diagnostico basato sull`amplificazione del DNA (PCR) grazie alla possibilita`offerta dall´EURAC, Istituto per le mummie e l` ìceman, di aver accesso ad una grande varieta´ di tessuti con possibili casi di infezione da tubercolosi, Brucellosi e malaria. Inoltre, in collaborazone con Vienna, sono in corso analisi dei dati ottenuti  dall`Iceman con appoccio  metagenomico , per definire una base informatica per la caratterizzazione de novo di patogeni , individuabili dai dataset metagenomici dei reperti antichi umani.

    Publications
    The 3,300-year-old Yersinia pestis genome of an ancient Egyptian mummified individual
    Maixner F, Gaul E, Mussauer A, Paladin A, Wurst C, Sarhan M, Samadelli M, Del Vesco P, Facchetti F, Posth C, Spyrou M, Zink A (2024)
    Presentazione

    Conference: European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association PPA | Leiden | 21.8.2024 - 24.8.2024

    Paleogenetic analysis of ancient human remains provide precious insights into the microbiome and diet of our ancestors
    Maixner F (2023)
    Salzburg: Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät der Paris Lodron Universität Salzburg
    Dissertazione di dottorato
    Das älteste Bier Österreichs nachbrauen
    Eichert S, Gamon M, Heiss AG, Kowarik K, Maixner F, Reschreiter H (2023)
    Articolo su rivista
    Natur historisches: Magazin des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien

    Ulteriori informazioni: https://www.nhm-wien.ac.at/jart/prj3/nhm-resp/data/uploads/b ...

    A nontuberculous mycobacterium could solve the mystery of the lady from the Franciscan church in Basel, Switzerland
    Sarhan M, Wurst C, Tzankov A, Bircher AJ, Wittig H, Briellmann T, Augsburger M, Hotz G, Zink A, Maixner F (2023)
    Articolo su rivista
    BMC Biology

    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-022-01509-7

    Microscopic Evidence of Malaria Infection in Visceral Tissue from Medici Family, Italy
    Maixner F, Drescher D, Boccalini G, Piombino-Mascali D, Janko M, Berens-Riha N, Kim BJ, Gamble M, Schatterny J, Morty RE, Ludwig M, Krause-Kyora B, Stark R, An HJ, Neumann J, Cipollini G, Grimm R, Kilian N, Zink A (2023)
    Articolo su rivista
    Emerging Infectious Diseases

    https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2906.230134

    The evolution of the human gut microbiome
    Maixner F (2023)
    Presentazione

    Conference: Il ruolo dell’immunoterapia nel trattamento del melanoma e del tumore polmonare | Bolzano | 6.12.2023 - 6.12.2023

    Helicobacter pylori in ancient human remains
    Maixner F (2023)
    Presentazione

    Conference: HGSC 2023, HELICOBACTER PYLORI GENOMICS, SIGNALING AND CARCINOGENESIS | Beilngries | 2.12.2023 - 5.12.2023

    Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA extraction from mummified and skeletal human remains using Linear Polyacrylamide (LPA)
    Maixner F, Jäger HY, Sarhan MS, Valverde G, Pap I, Szikossy I, Palfi G, Zink A (2022)
    Presentazione

    Conference: ICEPT-3, International Conference on the Evolution and Paleoepidemiology of Tuberculosis Szeged, Hungary | Szeged | 5.7.2022 - 7.7.2022

    Paläogenetik
    Zink A, Maixner F (2022)
    Contributo in un libro
    Osteologische Paläopathologie - Ein Handbuch für Anthropologen, Mediziner und Archäologen
    Multidisciplinary analysis of intestinal content in ancient mummies: new insights into diet, disease, and the evolution of our gut microbiome
    Zink A, Maixner F (2022)
    Presentazione

    Conference: 15th ISGA Congress, 5th International Conference of Evolutionary Medicine, EAA - ISGA – ICEM | Vilnius | 24.8.2022 - 27.8.2022

    Microscopic evidence for malaria infection in visceral tissue of the Medici family
    Maixner F, Boccalini G, Piombino-Mascali D, Janko M, Berens-Riha N, Kim BJ, Gamble M, Krause-Kyora B, Drescher D, Kilian N, Stark R, An HJ, Neumann J, Cipollini G, Grimm R, Zink A (2022)
    Presentazione

    Conference: 10th World Congress on Mummy Studies | Bolzano | 5.9.2022 - 9.9.2022

    The post-mortem Clostridium effect in mummies
    Rudbeck E, Sarhan MS, Valverde G, Wurst C, Zink A, Maixner F (2022)
    Presentazione

    Conference: 10th World Congress on Mummy Studies | Bolzano | 5.9.2022 - 9.9.2022

    In search of TB among the members of the Hausmann family: Mycocerosic acid based TB diagnostics via HPLC-HRMS
    Váradi O, Spekker O, Szikossy I, Szvák E, Rakk D, Terhes G, Pap I, Maixner F, Zink A, Vágvölgyi C, Donoghue H, Minnikin DE, Szekeres A, Pálfi G (2022)
    Presentazione

    Conference: 10th World Congress on Mummy Studies | Bolzano | 5.9.2022 - 9.9.2022

    Reconsidering additional sources of ancient DNA
    Sarhan MS, Samadelli M, Hotz G, Francken M, Zink A, Maixner F (2022)
    Presentazione

    Conference: 10th World Congress on Mummy Studies | Bolzano | 5.9.2022 - 9.9.2022

    Linear polyacrylamide is highly efficient in precipitating and purifying environmental and ancient DNA
    Maixner F, Mitterer C, Jäger HY, Sarhan MS, Valverde G, Lücker S, Piombino-Mascali D, Szikossy I, Molnár E, Pálfi G, Pap I, Cipollini G, Zink A (2022)
    Articolo su rivista
    Methods in Ecology and Evolution

    Ulteriori informazioni: https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/2041 ...

    https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13772

    https://hdl.handle.net/10863/21393

    Spezifische Infektionen: Tuberkulose, Lepra und Syphilis mit spezieller Paläogenetik bei Infektionserkrankungen
    Zink A, Maixner F (2022)
    Contributo in un libro
    Osteologische Paläopathologie - Ein Handbuch für Anthropologen, Mediziner und Archäologen
    Molecular and microscopic analysis of human paleofeces from the salt mines in Hallstatt, Austria, provide precious insights into dietary habits and gut microbiome composition of Iron Age miners
    Maixner F, Sarhan MS, Huang KD, Tett A, Schoenafinger A, Zingale S, Blanco-Míguez A, Manghi P, Cemper-Kiesslich J, Rosendahl W, Kusebauch U, Morrone SR, Hoopmann MR, Rota-Stabelli O, Rattei T, Moritz RL, Oeggl K, Segata N, Zink A, Reschreiter H, Kowarik K (2021)
    Presentazione

    Conference: ISBA9| 9TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMOLECULAR ARCHAEOLOGY | Toulouse : 1.6.2021 - 4.6.2021

    https://hdl.handle.net/10863/18542

    Recovery of ancient human- and microbial DNA from cave bones and-sediments
    Sarhan M, Lehmkuhl A, Wieland G, Franken M, Zink A, Maixner F (2021)
    Presentazione

    Conference: Bioinformatics Virtual Coordination Network Virtual Conference| Holistic Bioinformatic Approaches used in Microbiome Research | : 7.6.2021 - 11.6.2021

    https://hdl.handle.net/10863/18947

    Ancient DNA diffuses from human bones to cave stones
    Sarhan MS, Lehmkuhl A, Straub R, Tett A, Wieland G, Francken M, Zink A, Maixner F (2021)
    Articolo su rivista
    iScience

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.103397

    https://hdl.handle.net/10863/20140

    Ancient DNA analysis of rare genetic bone disorders
    Maixner F, Gresky J, Zink A (2021)
    Articolo su rivista
    International Journal of Paleopathology

    Ulteriori informazioni: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.04.009

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.04.009

    https://hdl.handle.net/10863/17193

    Verification of tuberculosis infection among Vác mummies (18th century CE, Hungary) based on lipid biomarker profiling with a new HPLC-HESI-MS approach
    Váradi OA, Rakk D, Spekker O, Terhes G, Urbán E, Berthon W, Pap I, Szikossy I, Maixner F, Zink A, Vágvólgyi C, Donoghue H, Minnikin D, Szekeres A, Pálfi G (2021)
    Articolo su rivista
    Tuberculosis

    Ulteriori informazioni: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2020.102037

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2020.102037

    https://hdl.handle.net/10863/16368

    Reconstruction of ancient microbial genomes from the human gut
    Wibowo MC, Yang Z, Borry M, Hübner A, Huang KD, Tierney BT, Zimmerman S, Barajas-Olmos F, Contreras-Cubas C, García-Ortiz H, Martínez-Hernández A, Luber JM, Kirstahler P, Blohm T, Smiley FE, Arnold R, Ballal SA, Pamp SJ, Russ J, Maixner F, Rota-Stabelli O, Segata N, Reinhard K, Orozco L, Warinner C, Snow M, LeBlanc S, Kostic AD (2021)
    Articolo su rivista
    Nature

    Ulteriori informazioni: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03532-0

    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03532-0

    https://hdl.handle.net/10863/17191

    Molekulargenetischer Nachweis von Infektionserregern
    Maixner F, Sarhan MS, Wurst C, Zink A (2021)
    Contributo in un libro
    Anna Catharina Bischoff. Die Mumie aus der Barfüsserkirche: Rekonstruktion einer Basler Frauenbiografie des 18. Jahrhunderts

    https://hdl.handle.net/10863/19763

    The elusive parasite: comparing macroscopic, immunological, and genomic approaches to identifying malaria in human skeletal remains from Sayala, Egypt (third to sixth centuries AD)
    Loufouma Mbouaka A, Gamble M, Wurst C, Jäger HY, Maixner F, Zink A, Noedl H, Binder M (2021)
    Articolo su rivista
    Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences

    Ulteriori informazioni: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-021-01350-z

    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-021-01350-z

    https://hdl.handle.net/10863/18186

    Hallstatt miners consumed blue cheese and beer during the Iron Age and retained a non-Westernized gut microbiome until the Baroque period
    Maixner F, Sarhan MS, Huang KD, Tett A, Schoenafinger A, Zingale S, Blanco-Mıguez A, Manghi P, Cemper-Kiesslich J, Rosendahl W, Kusebauch U, Morrone SR, Hoopmann MR, Rota-Stabelli O, Rattei T, Moritz RL, Oeggl K, Segata N, Zink A, Reschreiter H, Kowarik K (2021)
    Articolo su rivista
    Current Biology

    Ulteriori informazioni: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.031

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.031

    https://hdl.handle.net/10863/19190

    Analysis of 1,321 Eubacterium rectale genomes from metagenomes uncovers complex phylogeographic population structures and subspecies functional adaptations
    Karcher N, Pasolli E, Asnicar F, Huang K, Tett A, Manara S, Armanini F, Bain D, Duncan SH, Louis P, Zolfo M, Manghi P, Raffaetà R, Rota-Stabelli O, Collado MC, Zeller G, Falush D, Maixner F, Walker AW, Huttenhower C, Segata N (2020)
    Articolo su rivista
    Genome Biology

    https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-020-02042-y

    https://hdl.handle.net/10863/14778

    Lipid biomarker based verification of TB infection in mother’s and daughter’s mummified human remains (Vác Mummy Collection, 18th century, CE, Hungary)
    Váradia OA, Szikossy I, Spekkera O, Rakk D, Terhes G, Urbán E, Berthon W, Pap I, Maixner F, Zink A, Vágvölgyi C, Donoghue HD, Minnikin DE, Pálfi´G, Szekeres A (2020)
    Articolo su rivista
    Acta Biologica Szegediensis

    Ulteriori informazioni: http://abs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/abs

    https://doi.org/10.14232/abs.2020.2.99-109

    https://hdl.handle.net/10863/16814

    The Prevotella copri complex comprises four distinct clades that are underrepresented in Westernized populations
    Tett A, Huang KD, Asnicar F, Fehlner-Peach H, Pasolli E, Karcher N, Armanini F, Manghi P, Bonham K, Zolfo M, De Filippis F, Magnabosco C, Bonneau R, Lusingu R, Amuasi J, Reinhard K, Rattei T, Boulund F, Engstrand L, Zink A, Collado MC, Littman DR, Eibach D, Ercolini D, Rota-Stabelli O, Huttenhower C, Maixner F, Segata N (2019)
    Articolo su rivista
    Cell Host & Microbe

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2019.08.018

    https://hdl.handle.net/10863/11462

    Molecular Reconstruction of the Diet in Human Stool Samples
    Maixner F (2019)
    Articolo su rivista
    mSystems

    https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00634-19

    https://hdl.handle.net/10863/12257

    Helicobacter pylori in ancient human remains
    Maixner F, Thorell K, Granehäll L, Linz B, Moodley Y, Rattei T, Engstrand L, Zink A (2019)
    Articolo su rivista
    World Journal of Gastroenterology

    Ulteriori informazioni: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v25/i42/6289.htm

    https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v25.i42.6289

    https://hdl.handle.net/10863/12256

    The Iceman's Last Meal Consisted of Fat, Wild Meat, and Cereals
    Maixner F, Turaev D, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Janko M, Krause-Kyora B, Hoopmann MR, Kusebauch U, Sartain M, Guerriero G, O'Sullivan N, Teasdale M, Cipollini G, Paladin A, Mattiangeli V, Samadelli M, Putzer A, Tecchiati U, Meissen J, Palazoglu M, Rausch P, Lösch S, Kim BJ, Baines JF, Gostner P, An HJ, Malfertheiner P, Egarter-Vigl E, Stark RW, Keller A, Bishop D, Wenk M, Engstrand L, Moritz RL, Bradley DG, Fiehn O, Nebel A, Oeggl K, Doble P, Franke A, Rattei T, Grimm R, Zink A (2018)
    Articolo su rivista
    Current Biology

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.067

    https://hdl.handle.net/10863/6829

    The comparative study of two extraction methods for ancient DNA: silica suspension method and ultracentrifugal concentrator method
    Lee EJ, Maixner F, Zink A (2018)
    Articolo su rivista
    Analytical Science & Technology

    https://doi.org/10.5806/AST.2018.31.2.65

    https://hdl.handle.net/10863/6824

    miRNAs in ancient tissue specimens of the Tyrolean Iceman
    Keller A, Kreis S, Leidinger P, Maixner F, Ludwig N, Backes C, Galata V, Guerriero G, Fehlmann T, Franke A, Meder B, Zink A, Meese E (2017)
    Articolo su rivista
    Molecular Biology and Evolution

    https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw291

    https://hdl.handle.net/10863/7334

    Tuberculosis in early medieval Switzerland: osteological and molecular evidence from Courroux
    Cooper C, Fellner R, Heubi O, Maixner F, Zink A, Lösch S (2016)
    Articolo su rivista
    Swiss Medical Weekly

    https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2016.14269

    https://hdl.handle.net/10863/6670

    The 5300-year-old Helicobacter pylori genome of the Iceman
    Maixner F, Krause-Kyora B, Turaev D, Herbig A, Hoopmann MR, Hallows JL, Kusebauch U, Vigl EE, Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O'Sullivan N, Cipollini G, Coia V, Samadelli M, Engstrand L, Linz B, Moritz RL, Grimm R, Krause J, Nebel A, Moodley Y, Rattei T, Zink A (2016)
    Articolo su rivista
    Science

    https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad2545

    https://hdl.handle.net/10863/6124

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